Beadworking as an Indigenous Research Paradigm
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18432/ari29419Keywords:
beadwork, Indigenous quantitative research, Indigenous mixed method research, Indigenous qualitative research, Indigenous paradigm, BlackfootAbstract
In this article, I outline three principles that form the conceptual basis of an emerging Indigenous research paradigm that I call beadworking. I then relate how beadworking informs my understanding of and engagement with an Indigenous research methodology. Beadworking addresses how Indigenous Peoples’ creation of beadwork can be used to help Indigenous researchers navigate the research process, while being grounded from within an Indigenous worldview. It is my hope that in sharing my research paradigm, it will inspire other Indigenous researchers to define and articulate their own research paradigms through the unique positionality of their own Indigenous People.
References
Bastien, B. (2004). Blackfoot ways of knowing: The worldview of the siksikaitsitapi. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press.
Battiste, M. (1995). Introduction. In M. Battiste & J. Barman (Eds.), The circle unfolds (pp. i-xx). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
Blackfoot Gallery Committee. (2001). Nitsitapiisinni: The story of the Blackfoot people. Toronto, ON: Key Porter.
Brady, W. (1999). Observing the other. Eureka Street, 9(1), 28-30.
British North America Act. (1867). Retrieved from https://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/ca_1867.html
Chambers, M. & Blood, N. (2010). EDUC5510A Blackfoot pedagogy. Graduate Course Outline. University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. Retrieved from http://www.uleth.ca/sites/default/files/Educ 5510 Blackfoot Pedagogy %28FNMI%29 SS 2010.pdf
Gradual Civilization of Indians Act. (1857). Retrieved from http://caid.ca/GraCivAct1857.pdf
Gradual Enfranchisement of Indians Act. (1869). Retrieved from http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/aboriginaldocs/m-stat.htm
Hinge, G., & Van Hoorn, L. (1981). Indian Acts and Amendments, 1868-1950 (2nd ed.). Ottawa, ON: The Department of Northern and Indian Affairs.
Indian Act. (1876). Retrieved from https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-INTER-HQ/STAGING/texte-text/d79c34_1100100010265_eng.pdf
Indian Act. (1884). Retrieved from http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/aboriginaldocs/stat/pdf/Ia1884.pdf
Indian Act. (1895). Retrieved from http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/aboriginaldocs/stat/pdf/Ia1895.pdf
Indian Act. (1911). Retrieved from http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/aboriginaldocs/stat/pdf/Ia1914.pdf
Indian Act. (1914). Retrieved from http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/aboriginaldocs/stat/pdf/Ia1911.pdf
Indian Act. (1927). Retrieved from http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/aboriginaldocs/stat/html/1927mr31.htm
Indian Act. (1951). Retrieved from http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/aboriginaldocs/m-stat.htm
Layzell, D. (1944). Blood Indian cadet corps makes history: “Be wise and persevere” motto of cadet unit of St. Paul’s res. school. Cardston News, p. 5. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.uleth.ca/cdm/compoundobject/collection/sanews/id/7323/rec/3
Martin, K. (2002). Ways of knowing, ways of being, and ways of doing: Developing a theoretical framework and methods for Indigenous re-search and Indigenist research. Unpublished manuscript.
Mistaken Chief, D. & Kremer, J. W. (2004). Glossaries. In B. Bastien. Blackfoot ways of knowing: The worldview of the siksikaitsitapi. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press.
Morris, S., McLeod, K., & Danesi, M. (1993). Aboriginal language and education: The Canadian experience. Oakville, ON: Mosaic Press.
Otto, P. (2015). The Dutch, Munsees, and the purchase of the Manhattan island. New York State Bar Association Journal, 87(1), 10-17.
Platzman, S. (1992). Objects of controversy: The Native American right to repatriation. American University Law Review, 41(2), 517-558
Pratt, R. H. (1973). The advantages of mingling Indians with Whites. In F. P. Prucha (Ed.). Americanizing the American Indians: Writings by the “friends of the Indian” 1880-1900 (pp. 260-271). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Prete, T. D. (2011). Indigenous student perspectives on high school retention: Education experiences grounded in indigenous epistemology and western epistemology. Master’s thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Prete, T. D. (2018). Indigenizing educational policy; Our shared responsibility. Doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/4ddc7ba1-5971-450c-aeef-14327576ec67/view/80cd145f-8e2a-4a11-81bd-fb4256baeffa/Prete_Tiffany_D_201801_PhD.pdf
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. (1996a). Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Vol. 1: Looking forwards, looking back. Ottawa, ON: Canada Communications Group.
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. (1996b). Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Vol. 3: Gathering strength. Ottawa, ON: Canada Communications Group.
Royal Proclamation Act. (1763). Retrieved from https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1379594359150/1379594420080
St. Germain, P.C., & Sibbeston, N. (2007). Sharing Canada's prosperity - A hand up, not a handout. [Special Study on the Involvement of Aboriginal Communities and Businesses in Economic Development Activities in Canada.] Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, Canada.
Schissel, B., & Wotherspoon, T. (2003). The legacy of school for Aboriginal people: Education, oppression, and emancipation. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press.
Simonds, V. W., & Christopher, S. (2013). Adapting Western research methods to indigenous ways of knowing. American Journal of Public Health, 103(12), 2185-2192. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301157
Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. Dundein, NZ: University of Otago Press.
Smith, L. T. (2006). Colonizing knowledges. In H. Lauder, P. Brown, J. Dillabough, & A. H. Halsey (Eds.), Education, globalization & social change (pp. 557-569). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Sockbeson, R. (2009). Waponahki intellectual tradition of weaving educational policy. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 55(3), 351-364.
Sockbeson, R. (2011). Cipenuk red hope: Weaving policy toward decolonization & beyond. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/ec88b0fc-0fa7-40ae-9fcf-4a6bbdfb1deb
Steinhauer, E. L. (2002). Thoughts on an Indigenous research methodology. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 26(2), 69-81.
Treaty 7. (1877). Retrieved from http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/documents/native/Treaty%20Seven.html
Urion, C. (1999). Recording traditional First Nations knowledge. Unpublished manuscript.
Walter, M. (2005). Using the ‘power of the data’ within Indigenous research practice. Australian Aboriginal Studies, (2), 27-34.
Walter, M. & Andersen, C. (2013). Indigenous statistics: A quantitative research methodology. Walnut Creek. CA: Left Coast Press.
Weber-Pillwax, C. (1999). Indigenous research methodology: Exploratory discussion of an elusive subject. Journal of Educational Thought, 33(1), 31.
Weber-Pillwax, C. (2001). What is Indigenous research? Canadian Journal of Native Education, 25(2), 166-176.
Wilson, S. (2001). What is Indigenous research methodology? Canadian Journal of Native Education, 25(2), 175-179.
Wilson, S. (2008). Research is ceremony: Indigenous research methods. Black Point, NS: Fernwood.
YellowHorn, C. (2002). Niipaitapiiyssin [Life]. Brocket, AB: Medicine Trails.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Art/Research International agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication and the right to sublicense the Contribution, in the form in which it is published by the journal, to others under the terms and conditions of the of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) that allows others to download the work and share the work with others with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal, but they cannot change the work in any way or use any part of the work commercially.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive public distribution and display of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
d. Authors wishing to include items (such as images or other media, or any creative works of others whether previously published or not) must contact the original copyright holder to obtain explicit permission to publish these items in Art/Research International. Writing permission should include: the title(s) of any copyrighted work, original place of publication if applicable, and an acknowledgement of having read Art/Research International's copyright notice. Authors are responsible for obtaining this permission and keeping it in their own records for later verification.
