Gender inequality in the family setting
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25336/P6S305Keywords:
gender, unions, children, earning, caringAbstract
Now that human capital increases the propensity to be in union for both men and women, the gender differences in the patterns of entry and exit from relationships have decreased. However, there are still strong gender differences in living with children, with women at younger ages and women not in couples being more likely than men to be living with children. Women are more likely to be lone parents while men are more likely to be living as part of a couple. While the employment rate of women in unions is no longer suppressed if they are living with children, their average work hours remain lower, while men have the highest employment rate and highest average work hours if they are living with children. For both men and women, parents do more unpaid work than persons without children though parenthood increases women’s more than men’s unpaid work. In the context of diverse and less stable families, a more equal division of both earning and caring activities would benefit gender equality.
Maintenant que le capital humain augmente la propension à être en union pour les hommes et les femmes, les différences entre les sexes dans les modèles d’entrée et de sortie de relations ont diminué. Cependant, il y a encore de fortes différences entre les sexes dans la propension à vivre avec les enfants : les plus jeunes femmes et les femmes qui ne sont pas en couple sont plus susceptibles que les hommes de vivre avec les enfants. Les femmes sont plus susceptibles d’être des parents seuls alors que les hommes sont plus susceptibles de vivre dans le cadre d’un couple. Alors que le taux d’emploi des femmes en union n’est plus réduit si elles vivent avec des enfants, leurs heures moyennes de travail restent inférieure, tandis que les hommes ont le taux d’emploi et les heures moyennes de travail les plus élevés si ils vivent avec des enfants. Pour les hommes et les femmes, les parents font plus de travail non-payé que les personnes sans enfants, mais la parentalité augmente plus le travail non-payé des femmes que des hommes. Dans le contexte des familles diverses et moins stables, une répartition plus égale dans la division des activités d’emploi et de soins serait bénéfique pour l’égalité des sexes.

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Copyright (c) 2019 Roderic Beaujot, Jianye Liu, Zenaida Ravanera

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