Pharmacokinetics of α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone in Male Rats with and without Vaccination with an α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone Vaccine

Abstract

PURPOSE: α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) is a second-generation synthetic cathinone which acts as an inhibitor at the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in the brain. These novel studies determined the pharmacokinetics (PK) of α-PVP in rats and then evaluated the effects of an α-PVP vaccine on the PK profile. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into treatment groups (n = 24/group) in which the vaccinated rats received an initial and two booster immunizations of the α-PVP vaccine at 0, 3, and 9 wks. Control rats received saline injections. α-PVP (0.56, 1, 3 mg/kg, sc) was then administered to both groups between 11-12 weeks and serum samples were collected for determination of α-PVP serum concentrations by LC-MS/MS (n=6 rats/treatment/time). At 13 weeks, brain, heart and kidney concentrations of α-PVP were determined by LC-MS/MS after administration of 1 mg/kg α-PVP (n=4-5 rats/treatment/time). RESULTS: PK values in control rats showed dose-dependent increases in maximum serum concentrations (C_max) and area under the curve (AUC_inf) values with an elimination half-life (t_1/2) of approximately 2.1 h. α-PVP exhibited linear PK profile in control rats. Vaccinated rats had significantly (p<0.05) higher serum C_max and AUC_inf values than controls, and significantly reduced total body clearance, volume of distribution and t_1/2 values. Vaccinated rats had significantly lower α-PVP concentrations in the brain, heart, and kidney in comparison to control rats at early time points. CONCLUSION: Vaccination with the novel α-PVP vaccine significantly altered serum PK leading to a time-dependent reduction in brain, kidney and heart concentrations of α-PVP compared to controls.