Voltaire: Critique Politique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29173/agora19043Keywords:
Voltaire, Monarchy, French Monarchy,Abstract
Much has been written about Voltaire, the great 18th century French writer and Enlightenment philosopher. His works have been pored over countless times and many analyses have been published about him and his writings. This dissertation builds on several sources so as to find the voltairian critiques of the French monarchy in relation to his Traité sur la tolérance. The author starts by detailing the French monarchical system of the time as well as defining what tolerance was under this system. The first part ends with an explanation of what Voltaire thought the monarchy should be as well as defining what tolerance was according to him. The second part of the text discusses the specific critiques Voltaire aimed at the French monarchy, be it the malfunctioning justice system or the arbitrary powers possessed by the king. The final part of this exposition examines the place of religion in the French state. In this third and final section, the author looks at what Voltaire thought religion was and should be as well as the relationship between religion and the state.
Plusieurs textes ont été écrit à propos de Voltaire, l'un des grands écrivains et philosophes des Lumières. Ces travaux ont été passés au crible et ont fait l'objet d'études approfondies à maintes reprises. Cette dissertation se hisse sur les épaules des chercheurs venus auparavant afin de trouver les critiques voltairiennes de la monarchie française en lien avec son Traité sur la tolérance. L'auteur débute en détaillant le système monarchique du temps et définit la tolérance du temps. Cette première partie inclut aussi une explication de ce qu'entendait Voltaire lorsqu'il discutait de la monarchie et de la tolérance. La seconde partie examine les critiques spécifiques de Voltaire par rapport à la monarchie française, que ce soit le système judiciaire dysfonctionnel ou le pouvoir arbitraire du roi. Dans la partie finale de ce texte, l'auteur se penche sur ce que la religion était et devait être selon Voltaire. Cette partie inclut aussi une exposition de la relation entre la religion et l'État français monarchique.
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