Arts-Based Approaches to Studying Traveller Children’s Educational Experiences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18432/ari29377Keywords:
Traveller children, photographs as data, collage in the classroom, musical expression, content and thematic analysesAbstract
In this article, we present ideas on how arts-based methods can be applied to conducting research with a minority ethnic group (i.e., Traveller children) and offer ways to analyse data. We refer to the culture of Traveller children, report statistics on their educational performance and refer to recent research in Northern Ireland on their disengagement from compulsory post-primary (11-16 years old) education. We look through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory and consider a re-think of the approach typically used in research to tap into Traveller children’s educational experiences. We offer a brief summary of the principles of arts-based research, outlining the theoretical underpinnings of supporters who argue for its use in educational research settings. We elaborate on three arts-based research methods as options in the design of conducting research with Traveller children and offer advice on associated ethical issues. In exploring methods of analysis, we refer to the types of data and suggest a content and thematic analytical approach to interpret the data. In conclusion, we reiterate the importance of offering these culturally responsive means to engage with this minority ethnic group.
References
Ayres, L. (2008). Thematic coding and analysis. In L. Given (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (pp. 867-868). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Barone, T. (2008). How arts-based research can change minds. In M. Cahnmann-Taylor, & R. Siegesmund (Eds.), Arts-based research in education: Foundations for practice (pp. 28-49). Madison Avenue, NY: Routledge.
Barone, T., & Eisner, E. (2006). Arts-based educational research. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, & P. B. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 95-109). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Barone, T., & Eisner, E. W. (2012). Arts based research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Boyle, D. (2008). Free yourself from the role. LEARNing Landscapes, 2(1), 45-48.
Bragg, S., & Buckingham, D. (2008). ‘Scrapbooks’ as a resource in media research with young people. In P. Thomson (Ed.), Doing visual research with children and young people (pp. 114-131). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513-531.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Buchanan, D. A. (2001). The role of photography in organization research: A reengineering case illustration. Journal of Management Inquiry, 10(2), 151-164.
Burke, C. (2008). ‘Play in focus’: Children’s visual voice in participative research. In P. Thomson (Ed.), Doing visual research with children and young people (pp. 23-36). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Butler-Kisber, L. (2010). Qualitative inquiry: Thematic, narrative and arts-informed perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Carless, D., & Douglas, K. (2011). What’s in a song? How songs contribute to the communication of social science research. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 39(5), 439-454.
Clough, P., & Nutbrown, C. (2012). A student’s guide to methodology. London, UK: Sage Publications.
Davis, D. (2008). Collage inquiry: Creative and particular applications. LEARNing Landscapes, 2(1), 245-265.
Davis, P. (2007). Storytelling as a democratic approach to data collection: Interviewing children about reading. Educational Research, 49(2), 169-184.
Daykin, N. (2004). The role of music in an arts-based qualitative inquiry. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 3(2), 1-18. Retrieved from http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/IJQM/article/view/4471
Department of Education Northern Ireland. (2009). Every school a good school: A policy for school improvement. Retrieved from https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/de/ESAGS%20Policy%20for%20School%20Improvement%20-%20Final%20Version%2005-05-2009.pdf
Department of Education Northern Ireland. (2010). The education of children and young people from the Traveller community. Retrieved from https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/de/circular-2010-15-traveller-education.pdf
Department of Education Northern Ireland. (2011). Count read: Succeed - A strategy to improve outcomes in literacy and numeracy. Retrieved from https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/de/count-read-succeed-a-strategy-to-improve-outcomes-in-literacy-and-numeracy.pdf
Department of Education Northern Ireland. (2016). Qualifications and destinations of Northern Ireland school leavers tables 2014-15 in open document format. Retrieved from https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/publications/school-leavers-201415-statistical-bulletin
Eisner, E. (2008). Persistent tensions in arts-based research. In M. Cahnmann-Taylor, & R. Siegesmund (Eds.), Arts-based research in education: Foundations for practice (pp. 16-27). Madison Avenue, NY: Routledge.
Emmison, M., & Smith, P. (2000). Researching the visual: Images, objects, contexts and interactions in social and cultural inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Equality Commission for Northern Ireland. (2006). Mainstreaming equality of opportunity for Travellers in education: Towards a strategy. Retrieved from http://www.equalityni.org/ECNI/media/ECNI/Consultation%20Responses/2006/Mainstreaming_Equality_for_Travellers_Education.pdf?ext=.pdf
Equality Commission for Northern Ireland. (2008). Mainstreaming equality of opportunity and good relations for Traveller children in schools. Retrieved from http://www.equalityni.org/ECNI/media/ECNI/Publications/Delivering%20Equality/MainstreamingequalityforTravellerchildreninschools2008.pdf
Fontana, A. & Frey, J. (1998). Interviewing: The art of science. In N. Denzin, & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (pp. 47-78). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Greenwood, J. (2012). Arts-based research: Weaving magic and meaning. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 13(1), 1-20. Retrieved from http://www.ijea.org/v13i1/v13i1.pdf
Grugel, A. (2008). Focusing on the earth: Using photography and photo elicitation as instruments to engage children as co-researchers in a community garden. LEARNing Landscapes, 2(1), 49-67.
Hamilton, J., Bloomer, F., Holohan, J., & Bell, J. (2007). The adequacy and effectiveness of educational provision for Traveller children and young people in Northern Ireland. Retrieved from http://uir.ulster.ac.uk/20155/1/EC_-_Travellers_report_complete_pdf.pdf
Henderson, D., DeCuir-Gunby, J., & Gill, V. (2016). “It really takes a village”: A socio-ecological model of resilience for prevention among economically disadvantaged ethnic minority youth. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 37(5), 469-485.
Houston, S. (2017). Towards a critical ecology of child development: Aligning the theories of Bronfenbrenner and Bourdieu. Families, Relationships and Society, 6(1), 53-69.
Kaplan, I. (2008). Being ‘seen’ being ‘heard’: Engaging with students on the margins of education through participatory photography. In P. Thomson (Ed.), Doing visual research with children and young people (pp. 175-191). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Leavy, P. (2015). Method meets art: Arts-based research practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
Leavy, P. (2017). Introduction to arts-based research. In P. Leavy (Ed.), Handbook of arts-based research (pp. 3-21). New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
Leitch, R. (2008). Creatively researching children’s narratives through images and drawings. In P. Thomson (Ed.), Doing visual research with children and young people (pp. 37-58). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Leitch, R., & Mitchell, S. (2007). Caged birds and cloning machines: How student imagery ‘speaks’ to us about cultures of schooling and student participation. Improving Schools, 10(1), 3-71.
Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Lundy, L. (2007). ‘Voice’ is not enough: Conceptualising article 12 of the United Nations convention on the rights of the child. British Educational Research Journal, 33(6), 927-942.
Luttrell, W. (2010). ‘A camera is a big responsibility’: A lens for analysing children’s visual voices. Visual Studies, 25(3), 224-237.
Mayring, P. (2004). Qualitative content analysis. In U. Flick, E. von Kardoff, & I. Steinke (Eds.), A companion to qualitative research (pp. 266-269). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
McCarthy, M. (2013). Children’s spirituality and music learning: Exploring deeper resonances with arts based research. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 14(4), 1-15. Retrieved from http://www.ijea.org/v14n4/v14n4.pdf
McNiff, S. (2008). Art-based research. In J. G. Knowles, & A. L. Cole (Eds.), Handbook of the arts in qualitative research (pp. 29-40). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Mitchell, C. (2011). Doing visual research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Northern Ireland Executive. (2011). Traveller children suffer educational disadvantage – Ruane. Retrieved from http://webarchive.proni.gov.uk/20160503150632/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/media-centre/news-departments/news-de/news-de-march-2011/news_-_de-240311-traveller-children-suffer.htm
Norton, L. (2009). Action research in teaching and learning: A practical guide to conducting pedagogical research in universities. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Pavee Point and Irish Human Rights Commission. (2008). Travellers cultural rights: The right to respect for Traveller culture and way of life. Retrieved from http://www.paveepoint.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Travellers-Cultural-Rights.pdf
Rose, G. (2007). Visual methodologies: An introduction to the interpretation of visual materials (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Schratz, M., & Steiner-Loffler, U. (1998). Pupils using photographs in school self-evaluation. In J. Prosser (Ed.), Image-based research: A sourcebook for qualitative researchers (pp. 235-251). New Fetter Lane, London: Falmer Press.
Sinner, A., Leggo, C., Irwin, R. L., Gouzouasis, P., & Grauer, K. (2006). Arts-based educational research dissertations: Reviewing the practices of new scholars. Canadian Journal of Education, 29(4), 1223-1270.
Stipanovic, N., & Woo, H. (2017). Understanding African American students’ experiences in STEM education: An ecological systems approach. The Career Development Quarterly, 65(3), 192-206.
Taskforce on Traveller Education. (2011). Taskforce on Traveller education – Report of the taskforce to the Department of Education. Retrieved from www.eani.org.uk/_resources/assets/attachment/full/0/29194.pdf
The Traveller Movement. (2015). Cultural history. Retrieved from http://travellermovement.org.uk/cultural-history/
Tudge, J., Payir, A., Mercon-Vargas, E., Cao, H., Liang, Y., Li, J., & O’Brien, L. (2016). Still misused after all these years? A re-evaluation of the uses of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 8(4), 427-445. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jftr.12165
United Nations Committee On The Rights Of The Child. (1989). Convention on the rights of the child. Retrieved from http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/crc.pdf
Wiles, R. (2013). What are qualitative research ethics? Bedford Square, London: Bloomsbury.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Art/Research International agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication and the right to sublicense the Contribution, in the form in which it is published by the journal, to others under the terms and conditions of the of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) that allows others to download the work and share the work with others with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal, but they cannot change the work in any way or use any part of the work commercially.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive public distribution and display of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
d. Authors wishing to include items (such as images or other media, or any creative works of others whether previously published or not) must contact the original copyright holder to obtain explicit permission to publish these items in Art/Research International. Writing permission should include: the title(s) of any copyrighted work, original place of publication if applicable, and an acknowledgement of having read Art/Research International's copyright notice. Authors are responsible for obtaining this permission and keeping it in their own records for later verification.