Finding the Holy Grail of Library Value: Characteristics of Academic Libraries at Universities with High Retention Rates

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip30495

Abstract

Objective – What are the characteristics of academic libraries at schools with high retention rates? To help libraries tell the story of their impact, we sought to determine which academic library practices were linked to high retention rates.

Methods – The investigators created a survey for the United States Great Lakes region library deans and directors in the Spring of 2022 with 19 questions about their library services and staffing. The survey was sent to 226 schools and had a response rate of 31%. We compared the resulting information to publicly available data on student retention from ACRL Metrics and IPEDS to look for correlations and associations.

Results – Statistical analysis used the Chi-squared test and the Pearson correlation to calculate association and correlation. This found six attributes of student connections with library staff and with unique local collections that were associated with statistically significant differences in retention rates and institutions. These attributes were institutions who: used students as archives student workers, used students to staff reference desks, conducted multiple library instruction sessions with the same class, had a staffed archive or special collection space, had an institutional repository that included student work, or had an Instagram account.

Conclusion – The survey results gave a clear profile of academic libraries with above average retention, particularly in terms of student focused initiatives and the curation of unique collections. Additionally, the survey gave a foundation, with recommendations, for future researchers to build upon. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Black, E. L., & Murphy, S. A. (2017). The Out Loud assignment: Articulating library contributions to first-year student success. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 43(5), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2017.06.008

Blake, J., Bowles-Terry, M., Pearson, N., & Szentkiralyi, Z. (2017). The impact of information literacy instruction on student success: A multi-institutional investigation and analysis. Gwla.Org. https://scholar.smu.edu/libraries_cul_research/13

Crawford, G. A. (2015). The academic library and student retention and graduation: An exploratory study. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 15(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2015.0003

Creel, A. L., Hoag, W., & Perry, K. (2022). Investigating and communicating library instruction’s relationship to student retention. In The Community College Library: Assessment (pp. 67–110). Association of College and Research Libraries.

Dagley, M., Georgiopoulos, M., Reece, A., & Young, C. (2016). Increasing retention and graduation rates through a STEM learning community. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 18(2), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115584746

Emmons, M., & Wilkinson, F. C. (2011). The academic library impact on student persistence. College & Research Libraries, 72(2), 128–149. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-74r1e

Eng, S., & Stadler, D. (2015). Linking library to student retention: A statistical analysis. Evidence Based Library & Information Practice, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.18438/B84P4D

Espe, T. W., Dettman, D. M., Noltze, M., & Harnett, D. (2021). Credit score: Assessing a library course’s association with graduation rates and GPAs for at-risk students at a regional public university. College & Undergraduate Libraries, 28(3–4), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2021.1939217

Forrester, S. A., McAllister-Kenny, K., & Locker, M. (2018). Association between collegiate recreational sports involvement and undergraduate student retention. Recreational Sports Journal, 42(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1123/rsj.2017-0004

Gansemer-Topf, A. M., Downey, J., Thompson, K., & Genschel, U. (2018). Did the recession impact student success? Relationships of finances, staffing and institutional type on retention. Research in Higher Education, 59(2), 174–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-017-9462-2

Grier-Reed, T., Arcinue, F., & Inman, E. (2016). The African American Student Network: An intervention for retention. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 18(2), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115584747

Haddow, G. (2013). Academic library use and student retention: A quantitative analysis. Library & Information Science Research, 35(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2012.12.002

Hamilton, S. W., II. (2022). The difference in grades and persistence for adult online learners [PhD Thesis]. Northcentral University.

Han, C., Farruggia, S. P., & Moss, T. P. (2017). Effects of academic mindsets on college students’ achievement and retention. Journal of College Student Development, 58(8), 1119–1134. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2017.0089

Jones, W. L., & Mastrorilli, T. (2022). Assessing the impact of an information literacy course on students’ academic achievement: A mixed-methods study. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 17(2), 61–87. https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip30090

Krieb, D. (2018). Assessing the impact of reference assistance and library instruction on retention and grades using student tracking technology. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 13(2), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip29402

LeMaistre, T., Shi, Q., & Thanki, S. (2018). Connecting library use to student success. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 18(1), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2018.0006

Marsh, G. (2014). Institutional characteristics and student retention in public 4-year colleges and universities. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 16(1), 127–151. https://doi.org/10.2190/CS.16.1.g

Mayer, J., Dineen, R., Rockwell, A., & Blodgett, J. (2020). Undergraduate student success and library use: A multimethod approach. College & Research Libraries, 81(3), 378–398. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.81.3.378

McCollum, G. (2018). Collegiate Recreation Participation and Student Retention, Progression, and Graduation [Ed.D.]. Georgia Southern University.

Millea, M., Wills, R., Elder, A., & Molina, D. (2018). What matters in college student success? Determinants of college retention and graduation rates. Education, 138(4), 309–322.

Mohr, S. M., Ziegler, A., Lehan, T. J., & Wengel, J. (2022). The road less traveled: Assessing the impact of virtual research consultations on online doctoral student persistence. Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 26(3), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2022.2072043

Morris, J., Reese, J., Beck, R., & Mattis, C. (2010). Facebook usage as a predictor of retention at a private 4-year institution. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 11(3), 311–322. https://doi.org/10.2190/CS.11.3.a

Murray, A., Ireland, A., & Hackathorn, J. (2016). The value of academic libraries: Library services as a predictor of student retention. College & Research Libraries, 77(5), 631–642. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.77.5.631

Nalbone, D. P., Kovach, R. J., Fish, J. N., McCoy, K. M., Jones, K. E., & Wright, H. R. (2016). Social networking web sites as a tool for student transitions: Purposive use of social networking web sites for the first-year experience. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 17(4), 489–512. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115579253

National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. (2023). Persistence and retention: Fall 2021 beginning postsecondary student cohort. https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/PersistenceRetention2023.pdf

O’Kelly, M. K., Jeffryes, J., Hobscheid, M., & Passarelli, R. (2023). Correlation between library instruction and student retention: Methods and implications. College & Research Libraries, 84(1), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.84.1.85

Olbrecht, A. M., Romano, C., & Teigen, J. (2016). How money helps keep students in college: The relationship between family finances, merit-based aid, and retention in higher education. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 46(1). https://doi.org/10.55504/0884-9153.1548

Pew Research Center. (2024, January 31). Social media fact sheet. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/

Robertshaw, M. B., & Asher, A. (2019). Unethical numbers? A meta-analysis of library learning analytics studies. Library Trends, 68(1), 76–101. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2019.0031

Rowe, J., Leuzinger, J., Hargis, C., & Harker, K. R. (2021). The impact of library instruction on undergraduate student success: A four-year study. College & Research Libraries, 82(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.82.1.7

Soria, K. M., Fransen, J., & Nackerud, S. (2014). Stacks, serials, search engines, and students’ success: First-year undergraduate students’ library use, academic achievement, and retention. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2013.12.002

Stemmer, J. K., & Mahan, D. M. (2016). Investigating the relationship of library usage to student outcomes. College & Research Libraries, 77(3), 359–375. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.77.3.359

Szpunar, R., & Bradley, E. (2020, April). Student retention annotated bibliography: Visual overview. PALNI. https://libguides.palni.edu/retention

Teske, B., DiCarlo, M., & Cahoy, D. (2013). Libraries and student persistence at southern colleges and universities. Reference Services Review, 41(2), 266–279. https://doi.org/10.1108/00907321311326174

Thorpe, A., Lukes, R., Bever, D. J., & He, Y. (2016). The impact of the academic library on student success: Connecting the dots. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 16(2), 373–392. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2016.0027

Webster, A. L., & Showers, V. E. (2011). Measuring predictors of student retention rates. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 3(2), 301–311. https://thescipub.com/abstract/ajebasp.2011.301.311

Wittkower, L. R., McInnis, J. W., & Pope, D. R. (2022). An examination of relationships between library instruction and student academic achievement. Journal of Library Administration, 62(7), 887–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2022.2117953

Wright, L. B. (2021). Assessing library instruction: A study of the relationship between attendance, retention, and student success. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(5), 102431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102431

Downloads

Published

2024-09-16

How to Cite

Szpunar, R., & Bradley, E. (2024). Finding the Holy Grail of Library Value: Characteristics of Academic Libraries at Universities with High Retention Rates. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 19(3), 60–86. https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip30495

Issue

Section

Research Articles