‘Scientists Like Me’: Using Culturally Relevant Information Literacy Instruction to Foster Student STEM Identity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29173/istl2814Keywords:
STEM identity, Culturally relevant pedagogy, Information literacy, First-year seminar, Environmental justiceAbstract
In this case study, two librarians reflect upon our efforts to design STEM-focused information literacy instruction for undergraduate students at an R1, land grant university. Designed around the principles of culturally relevant pedagogy, our curriculum integrates community-focused and regionally specific topics reflecting our students' lived experience, features the work of scientists from diverse backgrounds, and fosters discussions about equity in the library classroom. Our experience shows that this approach can help foster STEM identity development in students while strengthening inquiry-based learning through information research.
Downloads
References
Ali, Z. M., Harris, V. H., & LaLonde, R. L. (2020). Beyond green chemistry: Teaching social justice in organic chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(11), 3984–3991. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00715
Allen, J. M., Muragishi, G. A., Smith, J. L., Thoman, D. B., & Brown, E. R. (2015). To grab and to hold: Cultivating communal goals to overcome cultural and structural barriers in first-generation college students’ science interest. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 1(4), 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000046
American Forests. (n.d.). Tree equity score map [Map]. Retrieved August 18, 2023, from https://www.treeequityscore.org/map
American Society of Landscape Architects. (2012, May 17). Urban Forests = Cleaner, Cooler Air [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sH6aWGtLkJY
Aranda, M. L., Diaz, M., Mena, L. G., Ortiz, J. I., Rivera-Nolan, C., Sanchez, D. C., Sanchez, M. J., Upchurch, A. M., Williams, C. S., Boorstin, S. N., Cardoso, L. M., Dominguez, M., Elias, S., Lopez, E. E., Ramirez, R. E., Romero, P. J., Tigress, F. N., Wilson, J. A., Winstead, R., … Tanner, K. D. (2021). Student-authored scientist spotlights: Investigating the impacts of engaging undergraduates as developers of inclusive curriculum through a service-learning course. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 20(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.21-03-0060
Astrof, N. S., & Horowitz, G. (2018). Protein colorimetry experiments that incorporate intentional discrepancies and historical narratives. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(7), 1198–1204. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00633
Bastone, Z., & Clement, K. (2022). Serving everyone or serving no one? Examining the faux-equity of the one-shot. College & Research Libraries, 83(5), 780-794. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.83.5.780
Batz, Z., Olsen, B. J., Dumont, J., Dastoor, F., & Smith, M. K. (2015). Helping struggling students in introductory biology: A peer-tutoring approach that improves performance, perception, and retention. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 14(2), ar16. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.14-08-0120
Boucher, K. L., Fuesting, M. A., Diekman, A. B., & Murphy, M. C. (2017). Can I work with and help others in this field? How communal goals influence interest and participation in STEM fields. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 901. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00901
Bradham, F. (2023). Actualizing research skills integrating culturally responsive practices into library instruction. In M. Mellon, J. Nichols,, E. Foster, A. Santiago, M. Seale, & R. Brown (Eds.), Exploring inclusive & equitable pedagogies: Creating space for all learners Volume 1. Association of College and Research Libraries.
Brown, E. R., Thoman, D. B., Smith, J. L., & Diekman, A. B. (2015). Closing the communal gap: The importance of communal affordances in science career motivation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(12), 662–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12327
Buckley, P., & Fahrenkrug, E. (2020). The Flint, Michigan water crisis as a case study to introduce concepts of equity and power into an analytical chemistry curriculum. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(5), 1327–1335. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00669
Cann, M. C., & Dickneider, T. A. (2004). Infusing the chemistry curriculum with green chemistry using real-world examples, web modules, and atom economy in organic chemistry courses. Journal of Chemical Education, 81(7), 977. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed081p977
Carlone, H. B., & Johnson, A. (2007). Understanding the science experiences of successful women of color: science identity as an analytic lens. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(8), 1187–1218. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20237
Center for the Advancement of Informal Science Education. (2018). Identity in science and STEM: Reflections on interviews with the field. https://www.informalscience.org/sites/default/files/identity-in-STEM-interview-reflections-v2.pdf
Chakraverty, D. (2022). A cultural impostor? Native American experiences of impostor phenomenon in STEM. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 21(1), ar15. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.21-08-0204
Chamany, K. (2006). Science and social justice: Making the case for case studies. Journal of College Science Teaching, 36(2), 54–59.
Chamany, K., Allen, D., & Tanner, K. (2008). Making biology learning relevant to students: Integrating people, history, and context into college biology teaching. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 7(3), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.08-06-0029
Charlton, James I. (1998). Nothing about us without us. University of California Press.
Clark, E. K., Fuesting, M. A., & Diekman, A. B. (2016). Enhancing interest in science: Exemplars as cues to communal affordances of science. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46(11), 641–654. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12392
Collins, P. H. (2015). Intersectionality's definitional dilemmas. Annual review of sociology, 41, 1-20. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112142
Costley, D. (2017, September 15). Environmental barrier gives students at one Oakland school a chance at fresh air. Oakland North. https://oaklandnorth.net/2017/09/15/an-environmental-barrier-gives-students-at-one-oakland-school-a-chance-at-fresh-air/
Cowden, C., Seaman, P., Copeland, S., & Gao, L. (2021). Teaching with intent: Applying culturally responsive teaching to library instruction. portal: Libraries and the Academy 21(2), 231-251. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2021.0014
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist Critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139-167.
Cromley, J. G., Perez, T., & Kaplan, A. (2016). Undergraduate STEM achievement and retention: Cognitive, motivational, and institutional factors and solutions. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732215622648
Dingle, A. (2016). The Flint water crisis: What’s really going on. ChemMatters, 5-8. https://www.acs.org/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/2016-2017/december-2016/flint-water-crisis.html
Dou, R., & Cian, H. (2022). Constructing STEM identity: An expanded structural model for STEM identity research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 59(3), 458-490. http://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21734
Dou, R., Cian, H., & Espinosa-Suarez, V. (2021). Undergraduate STEM majors on and off the pre-med/health track: A STEM identity perspective. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 20(2), ar24. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.20-12-0281
Drabinski, E., & Tewell, E. (2019). Critical information literacy. In R. Hobbs, & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0042
Elbulok-Charcape, M., McCallen, L., Horowitz, G., & Rabin, L. A. (2021). Investigating divergent outcomes in organic chemistry I. Research in Science Education, 51(2), 469–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-018-9803-y
Estrada, M., Burnett, M., Campbell, A. G., Campbell, P. B., Denetclaw, W. F., Gutiérrez, C. G., Hurtado, S., John, G. H., Matsui, J., McGee, R., Okpodu, C. M., Robinson, T. J., Summers, M. F., Werner-Washburne, M., & Zavala, M. (2016). Improving underrepresented minority student persistence in STEM. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(3), es5. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0038
Fakayode, S. O., Yakubu, M., Adeyeye, O. M., Pollard, D. A., & Mohammed, A. K. (2014). Promoting undergraduate STEM education at a historically black college and university through research experience. Journal of Chemical Education, 91(5), 662–665. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed400482b
Favero, T. G., & Van Hoomissen, J. D. (2019). Leveraging undergraduate research to identify culturally relevant examples in the anatomy and physiology curriculum. Advances in Physiology Education, 43(4), 561–566. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00023.2019
First Nation Pedagogy. (n.d.). Talking circles. Retrieved August 18, 2023, from http://firstnationspedagogy.ca/circletalks.html
Ford, R. E., West, C. L., McGhee, A., & LaLonde, R. L. (2021). Integrating social justice into the chemistry curriculum: Setting the ethical foundation for future scientists. In S. M. Schelble & K. M. Elkins (Eds.), International ethics in chemistry: Developing common values across cultures (pp. 41–61). American Chemical Society.
Foster, E. (2018). Cultural competence in library instruction: A reflective practice approach. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 18(3), 575-593. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2018.0034
Fry, R., Kennedy, B., & Funk, C. (2021, April 1). STEM jobs see uneven progress in increasing gender, racial and ethnic diversity. Pew Research Institute. https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2021/04/01/stem-jobs-see-uneven-progress-in-increasing-gender-racial-and-ethnic-diversity/
Fuller, K. S., & Torres Rivera, C. (2021). A culturally responsive curricular revision to improve engagement and learning in an undergraduate microbiology lab course. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 3501. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.577852
Gal, S. (2020). Using student insights for ideas on video creation for chemistry classes. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(9), 3102–3105. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00593
Garibay, J. C. (2015). STEM students’ social agency and views on working for social change: Are STEM disciplines developing socially and civically responsible students? Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 52(5), 610–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21203
Gasiewski, J. A., Eagan, M. K., Garcia, G. A., Hurtado, S., & Chang, M. J. (2012). From gatekeeping to engagement: A multicontextual, mixed method study of student academic engagement in introductory STEM courses. Research in Higher Education, 53(2), 229–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-011-9247-y
Gay, G. (2018). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice. Teachers College Press.
Gerdon, A. E. (2020). Connecting chemistry to social justice in a seminar course for chemistry majors. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(12), 4316–4320. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01043
Gilmore, R. W. (2011). What is to be done? American Quarterly, 63(2), 245–265. http://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2011.0020
Glaser, R. E., & Carson, K. M. (2005). Chemistry is in the news: Taxonomy of authentic news media‐based learning activities. International Journal of Science Education, 27(9), 1083–1098. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690500069434
Goldsmith, G. R., Gormally, B. M. G., Green, R. M., Harrison, A. W., Hoover, B. A., Quides, K. W., Thammavongsy, Z., Welles, S. R., Zhang, B., & Gray, K. M. (2021). Facilitating constructive discussions of difficult socio-scientific issues. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 22(2), e00153-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00153-21
Gormally, C., & Inghram, R. (2021). Goggles and white lab coats: Students’ perspectives on scientists and the continued need to challenge stereotypes. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v22i1.2273
Grieger, K., & Leontyev, A. (2020). Promoting student awareness of green chemistry principles via student-generated presentation videos. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(9), 2657–2663. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00639
Guo, F., Young, J., Deese, N., Pickens-Flynn, T., Sellers, D., Perkins, D., & Yakubu, M. (2021). Promoting the diversity, equity, and inclusion in organic chemistry education through undergraduate research experiences at WSSU. Education Sciences, 11(8), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080394
Hamstra, C. A., Ampaw, F., & Hornak, A. M. (2021). Incorporating culturally relevant education (CRE) in STEM gateway courses. In C. C. Ozaki & L. Parson (Eds.), Teaching and learning for social justice and equity in higher education: Content areas (pp. 75–96). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69947-5_5
Harris, R. B., Mack, M. R., Bryant, J., Theobald, E. J., & Freeman, S. (2020). Reducing achievement gaps in undergraduate general chemistry could lift underrepresented students into a “hyperpersistent zone.” Science Advances, 6(24), eaaz5687. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5687
Hatfield, N., Brown, N., & Topaz, C. M. (2022). Do introductory courses disproportionately drive minoritized students out of STEM pathways? PNAS Nexus, 1(4), pgac167. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac167
Heim, M. (2021, February 21). Seeing the city for the trees: the importance of engaging youth in urban forestry. American forests. https://www.americanforests.org/magazine/article/seeing-the-city-for-the-trees/
Herrmann, S. D., Adelman, R. M., Bodford, J. E., Graudejus, O., Okun, M. A., & Kwan, V. S. Y. (2016). The effects of a female role model on academic performance and persistence of women in STEM courses. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 38(5), 258–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2016.1209757
Hicks, A. (2013). Cultural shifts: Putting critical information literacy into practice. Communications in information literacy, 7(1), 5. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/comminfolit/vol7/iss1/5/
Hollond, C., Sung, R.-J., & Liu, J. M. (2021). Integrating antiracism, social justice, and equity themes in a biochemistry class. Journal of Chemical Education, 99(1), 202-210. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00382
Horowitz, G., Domzalski, A. C., & Elizalde-Utnick, G. (2018). Point of view: Can we teach science in a more culturally responsive way without sacrificing time or content? Journal of College Science Teaching, 47(6), 8–10. https://doi.org/10.2505/4/jcst18_047_06_8
Jackson, M. C., Galvez, G., Landa, I., Buonora, P., & Thoman, D. B. (2016). Science that matters: The importance of a cultural connection in underrepresented students’ science pursuit. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(3), ar42. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0067
Johnson, A., & Elliott, S. (2020). Culturally relevant pedagogy: A model to guide cultural transformation in stem departments. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 21(1), 05. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v21i1.2097
Jones, M. L. B., & Seybold, P. G. (2016). Combining chemical information literacy, communication skills, career preparation, ethics, and peer review in a team-taught chemistry course. Journal of Chemical Education, 93(3), 439–443. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00416
Katz, R., Katz, A., Warren, R., Williams, M., Aqel, H., Ilin, D., & McGowan, R. (2018). Comparative use of Tuskegee syphilis study film vs. Text triggers to teach bioethics: the spheres of ethics teaching using film (SOETUF) college study. Diversity and Equality in Health and Care, 15(5), 199–206. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2670330382?sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
Killpack, T. L., & Melón, L. C. (2016). Toward inclusive STEM classrooms: What personal role do faculty play? CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(3), es3. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0020
Kim, A. Y., Sinatra, G. M., & Seyranian, V. (2018). Developing a STEM identity among young women: A social identity perspective. Review of Educational Research, 88(4), 589-625. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654318779957
King, D., Bellocchi, A., & Ritchie, S. M. (2008). Making connections: Learning and teaching chemistry in context. Research in Science Education, 38(3), 365–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-007-9070-9
Knight, J. D., Budd, S., Bruehl, M., & Pan, D. (2021). A paired set of biochemistry writing assignments combining core threshold concepts, information literacy, and real-world applications. Journal of Chemical Education, 98(12), 3758–3766. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00115
Kozlowski, A. W. (1983). Using real world examples in a laboratory program. Journal of Chemical Education, 60(12), 1039. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p1039
Ladson‐Billings, G. (1995). But that’s just good teaching! The case for culturally relevant pedagogy. Theory Into Practice, 34(3), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849509543675
Lane, M. K. M., Rudel, H. E., Wilson, J. A., Erythropel, H. C., Backhaus, A., Gilcher, E. B., Ishii, M., Jean, C. F., Lin, F., Muellers, T. D., Wang, T., Torres, G., Taylor, D. E., Anastas, P. T., & Zimmerman, J. B. (2023). Green chemistry as just chemistry. Nature Sustainability, 6, 502-512. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-01050-z
Lane, T. B. (2016). Beyond academic and social integration: Understanding the impact of a STEM enrichment program on the retention and degree attainment of underrepresented students. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(3), ar39. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0070
Lasker, G. A., & Brush, E. J. (2019). Integrating social and environmental justice into the chemistry classroom: A chemist’s toolbox. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 12(2), 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2019.1609602
Leung, S. (2022). The futility of information literacy & EDI: Toward what? College & Research Libraries, 83(5), 751-764. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.83.5.751
Lieu, V. T., & Kalbus, G. E. (1988). Incorporation of consumer products in the teaching of analytical chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 65(3), 207. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed065p207
Maltese, A. V., & Tai, R. H. (2011). Pipeline persistence: Examining the association of educational experiences with earned degrees in STEM among U.S. students. Science Education, 95(5), 877–907. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20441
Marinez, D., & Ortiz de Montellano, B. (1998). Improving the science and mathematic achievement of mexican american students through culturally relevant science. ERIC Digest. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED296819.pdf
Marsh, E. J., & Sink, H. E. (2010). Access to handouts of presentation slides during lecture: Consequences for learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(5), 691-706. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1579
McCarthy, P., Williams, R., Hughes-Darden, C., Ellington, R., Mayaka, P., Jackson, M., & Nkwanta, A. (2020). Using molecular visualization as a tool for culturally competent and culturally relevant teaching: a guided-inquiry biochemistry activity. The Journal of Computational Science Education, 11(2), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.22369/issn.2153-4136/11/2/1
McGee, E., & Bentley, L. (2017). The equity ethic: Black and Latinx college students reengineering their STEM careers toward justice. American Journal of Education, 124(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1086/693954
Meléndez, J. (2019). Teaching microbiology by celebrating traditional foods and cultures from Morocco and Perú. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 20(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v20i1.1685
Mitchell, D. G., Morris, J. A., Meredith, J. M., & Bishop, N. (2017). Chemistry infographics: experimenting with creativity and information literacy. In K. D. Kloepper & G. L. Crawford (Eds.), ACS Symposium Series (Vol. 1266, pp. 113–131). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2017-1266.ch007
Morton, T. R., & Parsons, E. C. (2018). #BlackGirlMagic: The identity conceptualization of Black women in undergraduate STEM education. Science Education, 102(6), 1363–1393. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21477
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). (2023). Diversity and STEM: Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities 2023 (Special Report NSF 23-3150). National Science Foundation. https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf23315/report
Oliver, D., Fairlie, R., Millhauser, G., & Roland, R. (2021). Minority student and teaching assistant interactions in STEM. Economics of Education Review, 83, 102125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102125
Perkins, H., Wyer, M., & Schinske, J. N. (2018). Evaluation of effects of an intervention aimed at broadening participation in STEM while conveying science content. In T. L. S. Kishbaugh & S. G. Cessna (Eds.), ACS Symposium Series (Vol. 1301, pp. 59–82). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1301.ch004
Posey, J., & Lavik, E. (2021). Storytelling for social justice and engagement: A materials science class. Journal of Chemical Education, 99(1), 472-479.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00408
Quach, T., Gunier, R., Tran, A., Von Behren, J., Doan-Billings, P. A., Nguyen, K. D., ... & Reynolds, P. (2011). Characterizing workplace exposures in Vietnamese women working in California nail salons. American journal of public health, 101(S1), S271-S276. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2010.300099
Quiñonez, T. L., & Olivas, A. P. (2020). Validation theory and culturally relevant curriculum in the information literacy classroom. Urban Library Journal, 26(1), 2.
Rein, K. S., & Brookes, D. T. (2015). Student response to a partial inversion of an organic chemistry course for non-chemistry majors. Journal of Chemical Education, 92(5), 797–802. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed500537b
The Recount. (2021, July 14). What "tree equity" has To do with our climate crisis [Vidoe]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFrJT8d7V_w
Robinson, K. A., Perez, T., Carmel, J. H., & Linnenbrink-Garcia, L. (2019). Science identity development trajectories in a gateway college chemistry course: Predictors and relations to achievement and STEM pursuit. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 56, 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.01.004
Rodriguez, S., Cunningham, K., & Jordan, A. (2019). STEM identity development for Latinas: The role of self- and outside recognition. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 18(3), 254–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192717739958
Sanders Johnson, S. (2021). Embracing culturally relevant pedagogy to engage students in chemistry: Celebrating Black women in the whiskey and spirits industry. Journal of Chemical Education, 99(1), 428-434. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00504
Schinske, J. N., Perkins, H., Snyder, A., & Wyer, M. (2016). Scientist spotlight homework assignments shift students’ stereotypes of scientists and enhance science identity in a diverse introductory science class. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(3), ar47. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0002
Scientist Spotlight Initiative. (n.d.). The scientist spotlights initiative. Retrieved August 18, 2023, from https://scientistspotlights.org/
SEISMIC. (n.d.). Sloan equity and inclusion in STEM introductory courses. Retrieved August 18, 2023, from https://www.seismicproject.org/
Sible, J. C., Wilhelm, D. E., & Lederman, M. (2006). Teaching cell and molecular biology for gender equity. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 5(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.05-08-0096
Siritunga, D., Montero-Rojas, M., Carrero, K., Toro, G., Vélez, A., & Carrero-Martínez, F. A. (2011). Culturally relevant inquiry-based laboratory module implementations in upper-division genetics and cell biology teaching laboratories. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 10(3), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.11-04-0035
Smith, J. L., Cech, E., Metz, A., Huntoon, M., & Moyer, C. (2014). Giving back or giving up: Native American student experiences in science and engineering. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036945
Steinberg, M., & Diekman, A. B. (2018). Considering “why” to engage in STEM activities elevates communal content of STEM affordances. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 75, 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.10.010
Stevens, S., Andrade, R., & Page, M. (2016). Motivating young Native American students to pursue STEM learning through a culturally relevant science program. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(6), 947–960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-016-9629-1
Taheri, M., Ross, M., Hazari, Z., Weiss, M., Georgiopoulos, M., Christensen, K., Solis, T., Garcia, A., & Chari, D. (2018). A structural equation model analysis of computing identity sub-constructs and student academic persistence. 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2018.8658378
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of inter-group conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of inter-group relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks Cole Publishing.
Tanner, K., & Allen, D. (2007). Cultural competence in the college biology classroom. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 6(4), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.07-09-0086
Tanner, K. D. (2013). Structure matters: Twenty-one teaching strategies to promote student engagement and cultivate classroom equity. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 12(3), 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-06-0115
TED-Ed. (2020, April 24). What happens if you cut down all of a city's trees? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zarll9bx6FI
Tibbetts, Y., Harackiewicz, J. M., Priniski, S. J., & Canning, E. A. (2016). Broadening participation in the life sciences with social–psychological interventions. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(3), es4. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0001
Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1986). The significance of the social identity concept for social psychology with reference to individualism, interactionism and social influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25(3), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00732.x
University of California Davis Library. (n.d.) Strategic plan 2022-2027. https://library.ucdavis.edu/leadership-mission-and-strategy/strategic-plan/
University of California Office of Institutional Research and Academic Planning. (2023). Undergraduate admissions summary. https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/admissions-residency-and-ethnicity
University of Michigan Center for Research on Teaching and Learning. (n.d.) Guidelines for planning and facilitating discussions on controversial topics. https://crlt.umich.edu/publinks/generalguidelines
van den Hurk, A., Meelissen, M., & van Langen, A. (2019). Interventions in education to prevent STEM pipeline leakage. International Journal of Science Education, 41(2), 150–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1540897
Westenberg, D., & Kopel, J. (2021). A food microbiology classroom activity to draw connections between microbes and students’ lives. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v22i1.2119
White, K. N., Vincent-Layton, K., & Villarreal, B. (2021). Equitable and inclusive practices designed to reduce equity gaps in undergraduate chemistry courses. Journal of Chemical Education, 98(2), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01094
Wilson, Z. S., Holmes, L., deGravelles, K., Sylvain, M. R., Batiste, L., Johnson, M., McGuire, S. Y., Pang, S. S., & Warner, I. M. (2012). Hierarchical mentoring: A transformative strategy for improving diversity and retention in undergraduate STEM disciplines. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(1), 148–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9292-5
Wolpert, S. (2014, June 12). Has organic chemistry become UCLA’s most beloved class? UCLA Newsroom. https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/has-organic-chemistry-become-ucla-s-most-beloved-class
Xu, C., & Lastrapes, R. E. (2021). Impact of STEM sense of belonging on career interest: The role of STEM attitudes. Journal of Career Development, 49(6), 1215-1229. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453211033025
Yonas, A., Sleeth, M., & Cotner, S. (2020). In a “scientist spotlight” intervention, diverse student identities matter. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 21(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v21i1.2013
Yoshiyama, Y., Shima, J., & Fushiki, T. (2019). Problem-solving exercise for undergraduate students involving the japanese fermented food natto. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 20(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v20i1.1614
Younge, S., Dickens, D., Winfield, L., & Sanders Johnson, S. (2021). Moving beyond the experiment to see chemists like me: Cultural relevance in the organic chemistry laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 99(1), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00488
Zambrano, J., Lee, G. A., Leal, C. C., & Thoman, D. B. (2020). Highlighting prosocial affordances of science in textbooks to promote science interest. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 19(3), ar24. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-09-0176
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Sheena Campbell, Nancy Wallace

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
While ISTL has always been open access and authors have always retained the copyright of their papers without restrictions, articles in issues prior to no.75 were not licensed with Creative Commons licenses. Since issue no. 75 (Winter 2014), ISTL has licensed its work through Creative Commons licenses. Please refer to the Copyright and Licensing Information page for more information.