Relocating English Studies and SoTL in the Global South: Towards Decolonizing English and Critiquing the Coloniality of Language

Authors

  • Chaka Chaka University of South Africa
  • Sibusiso Ndlangamandla University of South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20355/jcie29495

Abstract

South Africa has policies and frameworks for curriculum design, transformation, and quality assurance in each public institution of higher education (HE). These policies influence the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL), particularly at the departmental and disciplinary levels of English Studies. Despite the policy narratives and rhetoric, English Studies still carries vestiges of colonialism and apartheid in South Africa. Similarly, in other disciplines, scholars in the Global South have highlighted coloniality, epistemicides, epistemic errors, and epistemic injustices, but not in a dual critique of SoTL and the English language.

Hypercritical self-reflexivity by academics should be the norm in SoTL, and this should be linked to language-based curriculum reforms and module content designs. All of these self-reflexive efforts should foreground how the mission to transform and decolonize is entangled with Eurocentric paradigms of English language teaching.

This paper characterizes the nexus between SoTL and the coloniality of language within South African higher education. It also discusses and critiques the nature of an English department in a post-apartheid and postcolonial South Africa. In addition, it critiques the coloniality of language and imperial English language paradigms often embraced by higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa, and delineates curriculum transformation, Africanization, and decolonizing English within this educational sector. Finally, the paper challenges Eurocentric SoTL practices and colonialist English language paradigms by framing its argument within a critical southern decolonial perspective and a post-Eurocentric SoTL.

Author Biography

Sibusiso Ndlangamandla, University of South Africa

Department of English Studies, Senior lecturer.

References

Bailión, R.O.F., & De Lissovoy, N. (2019). Against coloniality: Toward an epistemically insurgent curriculum. Policy Futures in Education, 17(3), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210318819206

Baker, M. (2009). Eurocentrism and the modern/colonial curriculum: Towards a post-Eurocentric math & science education – A critical interpretive review. https://www.coursehero.com/file/86025510/Michael-Baker-Towards-a-Post-Eurocentric-Mathematics-and-Science-Educationdoc/

Baker, M. (2012). Modernity/coloniality and Eurocentric education: Towards a post-Occidental self-understanding of the present. Policy Futures in Education, 10(1), 4-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2012.10.1.4

Bhattacharya, U. (2017). Colonization and English ideologies in India: A language policy perspective. Language Policy, 16, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-015-9399-2

Borges, R., & Afonso, A.J. (2018). Why subaltern language? Yes, we speak Portuguese! For a critique of the coloniality of language in international student mobility. Comunicação e Sociedade, 34, 73-86. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.34(2018).2936

BusinessTech. (2015). Here are South Africa’s 26 universities. https://businesstech.co.za/news/trending/101412/here-are-south-africas-26-universities/#:~:text=While%20much%20is%20often%20written,three%20new%20institutions%20since%202014

BusinessTech. (2020). Language changes planned for South Africa’s universities. https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/446936/language-changes-planned-for-south-africas-universities/

Canagarajah, S. (2020). Trajectories in decolonizing language: A conversation with Ngugi wa Thiong’o. Applied Linguistics, 43(1), 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amaa057

Cele, N. (2021). Understanding language policy as a tool for access and social inclusion in South African higher education: A critical policy analysis perspective. South African Journal of Higher Education, 35(6), 25-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.20853/35-6-3730

Chaka, C. (2020). Translanguaging, decoloniality, and the Global South: An integrative review study. Scrutiny 2, 25(1), 6-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/18125441.2020.1802617

Chaka, C. (2021a). English language learners, labels, purposes, standard English, whiteness, deficit views, and unproblematic framings: Toward southern decoloniality. Journal of Contemporary Issues, 16(2), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.20355/jcie29465

Chaka, C. (2021b). Alan Davies: Ostensive views, other views and native speakerism, and the implications of the latter for English language teaching. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 12(6), 79-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.12n.6.p.79

Chaka, C. [UnisaVideos]. (2022, August 10). The geopolitics of knowledge production in applied English language studies: Transknowledging and a two-eyed critical southern decoloniality. YouTube. https://youtu.be/xb9seQEUR3M

Chaka, C., Lephalala, M., & Ngesi, N. (2017). English studies: Decolonisation, deparochialising knowledge and the null curriculum. Perspectives in Education, 35(2), 208-329. https://doi.org/10.18820/2519593x/pie.v35i2.16

Chaka, C., Shange, T., Ndlangamandla, S.C., & Mkhize, D. (2022). Situating some aspects of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) in South African higher education within southern theories. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 17(2), 6-24.

Chikoko, V. (2016). Issues in Africanising higher education curricular. In V. Msila & T. Mishack (Eds.), Africanising the Curriculum: Indegenous Perspectives and Theories, (pp. 71-82). SUN PRESS.

Collins-Buthelezi, V.J. (2016). “The fire below”: Towards a new study of literatures and cultures (in English?): A letter from a literary scholar in a South African university in transition. Arts & Humanities in Higher Education, 15(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022215613609

Cornwell, G. (2006). On the “Africanization” of English studies in South Africa. Arts & Humanities in Higher Education, 5(2), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022206063647

Cook, V. (2007). The goals of ELT. In J. Cummins & C. Davison (Eds.), International Handbook of English Language Teaching (pp. 237-248). Springer.

Crowley, T. (2008). Colonialism and language. In P. Hogan (Ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the Language Sciences (pp. 173-175). Cambridge University Press.

Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). (2020). The language policy framework for public higher education institutions, determined in terms of Section 27(2) of the Higher Education Act, 101 of 1997 (as amended). Government of South Africa. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202011/43860gon1160.pdf

de Sousa Santos, B. (2014). Epistemologies of the south: Justice against epistemicide. Routledge.

Docrat, Z., Ralarala, M. K., & Kaschula, R. H. (2019). How South Africa’s universities are making more students multilingual. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/how-south-africas-universities-are-making-more-students-multilingual-116638

Dube, B. (2017). Afrikaans must fall and English must rise: Ironies and contradictions in protests by South African university students. Africa Insight, 47(2), 13-27. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-f762bb766

Education White Paper 3. (1997). A programme for the transformation of higher education. Government of South Africa. https://www.gov.za/documents/programme-transformation-higher-education-education-white-paper-3-0

Escobar, A. (2007). Worlds and knowledges otherwise: The Latin American modernity/coloniality research program. Cultural Studies, 21(2-3), 179-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162506

Escobar, A. (2020). Pluriversal politics: The real and the possible. Duke University Press.

Flores, N., & Rosa, J. (2015). Undoing appropriateness: Raciolinguistic ideologies and language diversity in education. Harvard Educational Review, 85(2), 149-171. https://doi.org/10.17763/0017-8055.85.2.149

Grosfoguel, R. (2007). The epistemic decolonial turn. Cultural Studies, 21(2-3), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162514

Guest, E. (1838). A history of English rhythms. Bell.

Gu, M.D. (2020). What is “decoloniality”? A postcolonial critique, Postcolonial Studies, 23(4), 596-600. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688790.2020.1751432

Hamilton, C., Mbenga, B.K., & Ross, R. (Eds.). (2012). The Cambridge history of South Africa. Volume 1: From early times to 1885. Cambridge University Press.

Hayes, A., Luckett, K., & Misiaszek, G. (2021). Possibilities and complexities of decolonising higher education: Critical perspectives on praxis. Teaching in Higher Education, 26(7-8), 887-901. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1971384

Higgs, P. (2008). Towards an indigenous African educational discourse: A philosophical reflection. International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift Für Erziehungswissenschaft / Revue Internationale de l’Education, 54(3/4), 445-458. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40270043

Hsu, F. (2017). Resisting the coloniality of English: A research review of strategies. The CATESOL Journal, 29(1), 111-132. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1144339.pdf

Hurst, E. (2016). Navigating language: Strategies, transitions, and the “colonial wound” in South African education. Language and Education, 30(3), 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2015.1102274

Jordao, C.M., & Marques, A.N. (2018). English as a lingua franca and critical literacy in teacher education: Shaking off some “good old” habits. In T. Gimenez, M.S. El Kadri, & L.C.S. Calvo (Eds.), English as a Lingua Franca in Teacher Education (pp. 53-70). De Gruyter Mouton.

Kamwangamalu, N.M. (2002). The social history of English in South Africa. World Englishes, 21(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-971X.00227

Kamwangamalu, N., & Tovares, A. (2016). English in language ideologies, attitudes, and educational practices in Kenya and South Africa. World Englishes, 35(3), 421-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12207

Knobloch, P.D.T. (2020). Epistemological decolonization and education. International perspectives. Foro de Educación, 18(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.14516/fde.797

Kumaravadivelu, B. (2016). The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? Tesol Quarterly, 50(1), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202

Kramsch, C. (2019). Between globalization and decolonization: Foreign language in the cross-fire. In D. Macedo (Ed.), Decolonizing foreign language education: The misteaching of English and other colonial languages (pp. 50–72). Routledge.

Kubota, K. (2014). The multi/plural turn, postcolonial theory, and neoliberal multiculturalism: Complicities and implications for applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 37(4), 474-494. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu045

Lazar, M.M. (2020). “Politics of the South”: Discourses and praxis. Discourse & Society, 31(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926519886126

Le Grange, L. (2016). Decolonising the university curriculum. South African Journal of Higher Education, 30(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.20853/30-2-709

Maart, R. (2020). Decoloniality and decolonial education: South Africa and the world. Alternation Special Edition, 33, 15-44. https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2020/sp33a1i

Mabuza, E. (2021). ConCourt rules for AfriForum in five-year battle over Afrikaans at Unisa. Times Live. https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-09-22-concourt-rules-for-afriforum-in-five-year-battle-over-afrikaans-at-unisa/

Macedo, D. (2000). The colonialism of English only movement. Educational Researcher, 29(3), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X029003015

Macedo, D. (2017). Imperialist desires in English-only language policy. The CATESOL Journal, 29(1), 81-110. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1144342.pdf

Macedo, D. (Ed.). (2019). Decolonizing foreign language education: The misteaching of English and other colonial languages. Routledge

Mail & Guardian. (2018, 12 January). ConCourt ruling on UFS missed the point. https://mg.co.za/article/2018-01-12-00-concourt-ruling-on-ufs-missed-the-point/

Makoni, S., & Pennycook, A. (Eds.) (2007). Disinventing and reconstituting languages. Multilingual Matters.

Maldonado-Torres, N. (2007). On the coloniality of being. Cultural Studies, 21(2), 240-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162548

Maldonado-Torres, N. (2018). Outline of ten theses on coloniality and decoloniality. http://caribbeanstudiesassociation.org/docs/Maldonado-Torres_Outline_Ten_Theses-10.23.16.pdf

Manathunga, C. (2018). Decolonising the curriculum: Southern interrogations of time, place and knowledge. SOTL in the South, 2(1), 95-111. https://doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v2i1.23

Mbembe, A.J. (2016). Decolonizing the university: New directions. Arts & Humanities in Higher Education, 15(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022215618513

McKinney, C. (2017). Language and power in post-colonial schooling: Ideologies in practice. Routledge.

Mgqwashu, E.M. (2009). On becoming literate in English: A during and post-apartheid personal story. Language Learning Journal, 4(2), 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571730903208447

Mignolo, W. (2007). Delinking: The rhetoric of modernity, the logic of coloniality and the grammar of de-coloniality. Cultural Studies, 21(2), 449-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162647

Ministry of Education. (2002). Transformation and restructuring: A new institutional landscape for higher education. Government of South Africa. https://www.dhet.gov.za/Reports%20Doc%20Library/New%20Institutional%20landscape%20for%20Higher%20Education%20in%20South%20Africa.pdf

Ngoepe, L.J. (2020). Debilitating colonialism through ethnographic user-oriented evaluation of a collaborative science ICL course. South African Journal of Higher Education, 34(4), 230-250. https://dx.doi.org/10.20853/34-4-3549

Núñez-Pardo, A. (2020). Inquiring into the coloniality of knowledge, power, and being in EFL textbooks (Indagar la colonialidad del saber, del ser y del poder en libros de texto de inglés). HOW Journal, 27(2), 113-133. https://doi.org/10.19183/how.27.2.566

Ojong, V., Chebanne, A. & Naidu, M. (2020). Editorial: Issues of decolonization and africanisation in Southern Africa. Alternation Special Edition, 3, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2020/sp36a1

Orman, J. (2014). Language policy and identity conflict in relation to Afrikaans in the post-apartheid era. In N. Alexander & A. von Scheliha (Eds.), Language policy and the promotion of peace; African and European case studies (pp. 59-75). Unisa Press.

Pennycook, A. (2017). The cultural politics of English as an international language. Routledge.

Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford University Press.

Pica-Smith, C., & Veloria, C. (2012). “At risk means a minority kid”: Deconstructing deficit discourses in the study of risk in education and human services. Pedagogy and the Human Sciences, 2(1), 33-48. https://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/phs/vol2/iss1/4

Pitso, T. (2013). Status of the scholarship of teaching and learning in South African universities. South African Journal of Higher Education, 27(1), 196-208. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC142788

Prah, K.K. (2018). The challenge of decolonizing education. CASAS.

Quijano, A. (2000). Coloniality of power, Eurocentrism, and Latin America (Trans. by M. Ennis). Nepantla: Views from South, 1(3), 533-580.

Rice, P. (2021). Decolonising English language teaching pedagogy. Journal of Useful Investigations in Creative Education, 4. https://juice-journal.com/2021/11/23/decolonising-english-language-teaching-pedagogy/

Rosa, J.D. (2016). Standardization, racialization, languagelessness: Raciolinguistic ideologies across communicative contexts. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 26(2), 162-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12116

Shin, H. (2006). Rethinking TESOL from SOL’s perspective: Indigenous epistemology and decolonizing praxis in TESOL. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 3(2-3), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2006.9650844

Smit, J.A., & van Wyk, J. (2001). Literary studies in post-apartheid South Africa. In R. Kriger & A. Zegeye (Eds.), Culture in the new South Africa (pp. 139-57). Kwela Books.

Sooliman, Q.I. (2022). Entrenching privilege: A critical discourse analysis of Afriforum Jeug during the #Mustfall protests at the University of Pretoria: A case study. Politikon, 49(1), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2022.2032914

Statistics South Africa. (2011). Census 2011. StatsSA.

Takayama, K., Heimans, S., Amazan, R., & Maniam, V. (2016). Doing southern theory: Towards alternative knowledges and knowledge practices in/for education. Postcolonial Directions in Education, 5(1), 1-25.

The South African Constitution. (2012). Chapter 1: Founding provisions. Government of South Africa. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/SAConstitution-web-eng-01.pdf

Thurman, C. (2007). The department of literature and the department of English: Transforming aspects of “English studies” in South Africa. Social Dynamics, 33(1), 155-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533950708628747

Torquato, C.P. (2020). Challenging the coloniality of languages. Alternation Special Edition, 33, 457-500. https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2020/sp33a18

Vasconcelos, A.B., & Martin, F. (2019). Plurality, plurilogicality and pluriversality - A literature review. A report for the Graduate School of Education, University of Exeter.

Veronelli, G.A. (2015). The coloniality of language: Race, expressivity, power, and the darker side of modernity. Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women’s & Gender Studies, 13, 108-134. http://sites.cortland.edu/wagadu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/07/5-FIVE-Veronelli.pdf

Wa Ngugi, T. (1981). Decolonising the mind: The politics of language in African literature. James Currey.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-13